Antibody-DNA conjugation technology represents the forefront of bioconjugation methods within biomedical research and applications. This technology uses an innovative linkage strategy to create strong bonds between antibodies and DNA molecules which generate antibody-DNA conjugates that merge antibodies' high specificity with DNA's extensive information storage and precise regulatory functions. The introduction of this pioneering technology has created new pathways for fundamental biomedical research along with advances in disease diagnosis and treatment methods. The use of this technology in immuno-PCR, flow cytometry, and proteomics analysis leads to improved detection sensitivity that allows scientists to accurately identify and quantify scarce proteins including tumor markers.
BOC Sciences developed its state-of-the-art platform for antibody-DNA conjugation. Our dedication lies in delivering high-quality and high-efficiency antibody-DNA conjugation services to researchers and biopharmaceutical enterprises through a professional research-driven methodology with strict quality standards. We deliver complete workflow services which involve antibody and DNA fragment preparation through to conjugation reactions followed by purification and quality control while maintaining precision and accuracy throughout each stage. We deliver powerful support systems alongside solid guarantees for our clients' research and innovation projects.
The core principle of antibody-DNA conjugation technology lies in covalently linking antibodies with DNA fragments through chemical or biological methods. This conjugation ensures a stable connection between the antibody and the DNA fragment while preserving the biological activity of the antibody and the genetic information of the DNA. Common conjugation methods include click chemistry and bioorthogonal reactions. For example, click chemistry can efficiently link antibodies and DNA fragments via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). This technology has the following advantages:
High specificity and affinity: The antibody component endows the conjugate with high specificity and affinity, allowing it to precisely recognize and bind to target antigens.
Programmability and multifunctionality: The introduction of DNA fragments provides programmability, enabling various functions such as targeted delivery and signal amplification by designing different DNA sequences.
High stability: Covalently bonded conjugates exhibit high stability, maintaining their structure and function in complex biological environments.
Broad applicability: This technology is compatible with various types of antibodies and DNA fragments, including single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, covering a wide range of sequences.
Biomedical research: Antibody-DNA conjugates have broad applications in biomedical research, such as proteomics studies and cell signaling pathway analysis. For instance, through immuno-PCR technology, antibody-DNA conjugates enable highly sensitive detection of low-abundance proteins.
Disease diagnosis: In the field of disease diagnostics, antibody-DNA conjugates can be used to develop novel diagnostic reagents and methods. By designing specific antibody-DNA conjugates, highly sensitive detection of tumor markers can be achieved, improving early disease diagnosis rates.
Drug delivery: Antibody-DNA conjugates can also be applied in drug delivery systems, leveraging the targeting capability of antibodies to precisely deliver drugs to diseased sites, enhancing drug efficacy and safety.
Plan Design: Based on the evaluation, we design a detailed experimental plan, covering antibody and DNA pretreatment methods, conjugation reaction conditions, purification strategies, and quality control methods.
Antibody Preparation: Customers can provide purified antibodies, or we can prepare them on their behalf. We perform quality checks to ensure antibody purity, activity, and specificity meet the required standards. If necessary, we conduct antibody fragmentation to obtain suitable antibody fragments.
DNA Fragment Preparation: DNA fragments are synthesized according to customer specifications or provided by the customer. We purify and verify the DNA to ensure its purity, integrity, and sequence accuracy. If required, we modify the DNA fragments by adding specific chemical groups or labels.
Activation Reaction: Depending on the chosen conjugation method, we activate the antibody and DNA fragments. For example, chemical reagents can be used to activate specific antibody functional groups, enabling covalent bonding with the DNA fragment.
Conjugation Incubation: The activated antibody and DNA fragments are mixed and incubated under optimized reaction conditions to form a stable antibody-DNA conjugate. The reaction parameters, including temperature, pH, and incubation time, are fine-tuned based on the selected conjugation method and reagents.
Quality Testing: The purified antibody-DNA conjugate undergoes comprehensive quality testing, including:
Physical Integrity Testing: Techniques like size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are used to check the conjugate's physical integrity and confirm the absence of aggregation or fragmentation.
Chemical Stability Testing: The conjugate's chemical stability is evaluated to ensure it does not undergo degradation during storage and use.
Biological Activity Testing: The antibody component's specificity and affinity are tested, along with the DNA fragment's biological functionality, such as its ability to participate in nucleic acid amplification or other biological reactions.
Conjugation Efficiency Testing: Quantitative analysis methods, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, are employed to measure conjugation efficiency and verify the expected composition of the conjugate.
Professional Technical Team: Our technical team consists of experienced biochemists, molecular biologists, and chemists with deep expertise and extensive hands-on experience. They provide professional technical support and tailored solutions to meet client needs.
Advanced Equipment and Technology: We utilize state-of-the-art laboratory equipment and technology platforms, including high-precision synthesizers, purification systems, and analytical instruments. These advanced tools ensure the high quality and purity of antibody-DNA conjugates.
Personalized Services: We offer customized technical solutions and services based on each client's specific requirements and project characteristics, ensuring that their needs are met to the greatest extent possible.
Stringent Quality Control: We have established a rigorous quality control system, conducting thorough quality assessments at every stage of the process. This ensures that our antibody-DNA conjugates meet the highest standards of quality and performance in line with client expectations.
Workflow
Step.01
Consultation
Step.02
Project Evaluation and Plan Design
Step.03
Reagent Preparation
Step.04
Conjugation Reaction
Step.05
Purification and Quality Control
Step.06
Data Reporting & Delivery
1. What are the Common Antibody-DNA Conjugation Methods?
Chemical Conjugation: Chemical conjugation links antibodies and DNA through chemical reactions. Common methods include NHS chemistry and iEDDA reactions. NHS Chemistry utilizes primary amine groups on antibodies to react with NHS-activated reagents, which then bind to specific groups on DNA. iEDDA Reaction involves tetrazine groups on the antibody reacting rapidly with TCO (trans-cyclooctene) groups on DNA, forming a stable covalent bond.
Biological Conjugation: Biological methods use enzymatic reactions to link antibodies and DNA. For example, specific enzymes can attach DNA fragments to designated sites on the antibody.
2. What is Drug-to-Antibody Ratio (DAR) and How to Control It?
The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) refers to the number of drug molecules conjugated to each antibody molecule. Controlling the DAR is crucial for the performance of antibody-DNA conjugates. Precise DAR control can be achieved by optimizing conjugation processes and linker technologies. For example, site-specific conjugation techniques ensure a consistent number of DNA molecules per antibody, improving stability and biological activity.
3. What is the Role of Linkers in Antibody-DNA Conjugation?
Linkers are essential for connecting antibodies and DNA, ensuring stable conjugation without affecting antibody bioactivity or DNA function. Ideal linkers should have the following properties:
Stability: Remains intact in blood circulation to prevent premature DNA release.
Degradability: Can be degraded within target cells to release active DNA molecules.
Biocompatibility: Avoids immune reactions or adverse effects.
4. How to Improve Antibody-DNA Conjugation Efficiency?
The efficiency of antibody-DNA conjugation can be enhanced through:
Optimizing Conjugation Conditions: Adjusting reaction temperature, pH, and reaction time to improve conjugation efficiency.
Choosing Suitable Linkers: Using highly efficient and stable linkers to ensure a robust connection between antibodies and DNA.
Purification and Quality Control: Removing unreacted antibodies and DNA through purification steps to ensure the purity and quality of conjugates.
5. How to Ensure the Stability of Antibody-DNA Conjugates?
Selecting the Appropriate Linker: Choose cleavable linkers that release the drug in specific cellular environments, or stable non-cleavable linkers to delay premature release in circulation.
Optimizing the Conjugation Process: Use stable linkers and optimized conjugation conditions to ensure stable linking between the antibody and DNA.
Choosing the Right Antibody and DNA Fragments: Select antibodies and DNA fragments with high stability and low immunogenicity to enhance the stability and biocompatibility of the conjugate.
Optimizing the Formulation: Choose suitable buffers, add protectants, and surfactants to improve the stability and solubility of the conjugate.
Quality Control: Conduct physical, chemical, and biological testing to ensure the stability, activity, and conjugation efficiency of the conjugate.